How big are your risks? What is the outcome? What can I do about it?

Simply treating all risks that you may be exposed to in your business “as equal” in your business plan doesn’t really help you manage them effectively, nor will it help an investor understand them. Further, whilst you probably know intuitively that some are more likely than others to occur, an investor who doesn’t really know you, will be left thinking you haven’t really thought them through.

I had a lot of exposure to risk in my investment banking career, and have subsequently carried this discipline to business. Of course, the risk metrics used in the investment banking world has been proven to be flawed post GFC, but the framework of assessing risk is a good one.

That is – for any given risk, a bank assesses what is the probability of it happening and what is the likely impact, and what are the mitigating actions to minimize the risk and or address the outcomes if it does happen. I don’t think Lehmans were very good at assessing risk to put it lightly but the framework was there I am sure.

It is pretty straightforward when all we are talking about is numbers – and when you have huge statistical ddatabases at your fingertips:

eg $100,000 invested in a company is a $100,000 at risk.

A) What’s the worst case scenario? $100,000 loss.

B) What is the probability of this happening? Using statistics, the bank would consider that, on average, it should be expected that a loss will occur x% of the time [averages proved to be a very expensive metric to rely upon in the run up to the GFC – as it was not an average event].

C) What can we do to reduce the impact of risk?

a. not take one [and not get a return] or

b.hedge.

Hedging is generally the preferred option.

I am not suggesting that it is necessary to develop the level of sophistication that a bank might have in their assessment of risk, but we can apply similar principals that will add enormous clarity on what the risks are in your business. It is not necessary to get too hung up on the exact score you give something your gut will tell you.

In business and ideally in your business plan, your assessment of risk can follow a similar framework as follows:

  • State the risk – in wordss is fine
  • Apply a score between 1-10 to show the probability of occurrence
  • Apply a score between 1-10 to show the impact of such an occurrence
  • Take the product of the probability and impact scores
  • Rank them
  • Add in a mitigating action to minimise the impact
  • Are there any actions that can be taken to minimse the actual risk of it occurring?

Here are some examples of how risk in your business might be presented – you wouldn’t have all these entries in your assessment only one for the risk of death of the owner for example – the ones listed are only for illustration purposes:

risk-assessment

Assessment of risk is A LOT more subjective in business in general than lending money. But attempting some sort of objective assessment like the above will go along way to demonstrate you have a handle on the overall risk of being in business.

{ 0 comments }

In Part One I talked about how a business needs to go from zero to $1m in the eyes of Michael Masterton. This is infancy in the lifecycle of a business.

In infancy, the focus was developing your Optimal Selling Strategy by understanding your marketing, testing different things,  and creating a unique selling proposition. It was also about adding as many new clients as possible.

Many businesses stall in infancy and become victims of their own success. The owners may reach a point where they can make a good living from the business. The danger of this is that unless things change, they will stagnate. (95% of businesses stay smaller than $1m turnover per annum).

Here I talk about the next stage – childhood, in which a business goes from $1m to $10m.

“Childhood” is about changing gears and adding new products (even at the risk of cannibalising your existing products).

At this stage of the business, here are some points to note:

* Add new ‘front end’ products
* Innovate – look for improvements to existing products – not revolutionary new products (originality is overrated)
* Add many products and ‘let the market decide’ which will work
* Add backend products that you can sell to your existing clients.
* Aim for speed, not perfection
* Don’t jump categories – make changes to existing products that are one degree removed.
* Don’t try to make huge leaps or change the selling channel.

Most importantly, acknowledge you need to grow personally to handle and lead the rapid growth of the company.

This is most likely to be the stage at which your business decides to seek capital. Having proven its business, it can use the capital to grow the business.

Critically, this is the stage at which your business is the most attractive to an investor.

{ 0 comments }

Often you hear people compare a new venture to the opportunity that has passed us by … just as if we had been offered an opportunity to invest in Google (or Microsoft, or eBay, or amazon.com), and passed it up. By not investing in Google, or eBay, or amazon.com …just imagine your loss. If you had that chance now, of course you’d take it. Or so the logic goes. (The recent marketing by Dubli heads down this path…)

But here’s the funny thing … the start of Google had Sergey Brin and Larry Page wearing out shoe leather around Silicon Valley trying to get capital … endlessly pitching … and with lots of smiles. But no cash.
(Source: The Search, John Batelle)

It wasn’t until 1998 that Andy Bechtolsheim put in some cash, and the real success story starts from there and other funds coming in after that – including Jeff Bezos of Amazon fame. At the door knocking stage it didn’t even have a revenue model or a company structure (it did have a name, having just changed from being BackRub)

So, what did all those venture capitalists not see, that in retrospect seems like such an amazing opportunity.

Whatever it was… here’s the lesson: venture capitalists miss opportunities daily. And they don’t mind.

And this also presents your challenge. Even when you (think that you) have a sure thing, that the market needs what you have and that anyone would be mad to not want it… remember that you are competing with so many other opportunities put before them, that the chance of them passing on your opportunity is high.

If smart people can pass on Google, then they can pass on you.

There are some valid reasons for this. In the early days, Google had fantastic technology but a poor revenue model. In fact, it is possible that if it were not for the hype around dot coms, a plan as skinny on detail as Google’s would not get off the ground even now.

Your job as an entrepreneur, is to make sure you have a strong business model and can convey to a potential investor how you will commercialise your technology, and what their risks are. And of course what the upside will be.

For a great read on the steps that lead Google to where it is now, check out The Search. . Or here.

Just a note – the Google founders had a real life “start in a garage story” – much as Microsoft did. Their frugality extended to their celebrations on receiving their first investment: Burger King.

{ 0 comments }

Michael Porter is a pioneer in the thinking around competitive strategy. In this interview he outlines his model for an analysis of an industry and the competition within it.

This is an essential part of your business plan.

As an entrepreneur, it is essential that you understand the environment in which you operate. More importantly, when seeking capital, that you are able to convey a summary of your industry and where you sit in it to an investor.

A pdf of the content is also available here.

{ 0 comments }

Guy Kawasaki is the Managing Director of Garage Technology Ventures, and has two separate stints at Apple under his belt. He is highly regarded in the Venture Capital and entrepreneurial communities.

Here are his ten (and a bonus) points for creating a successful company. This is not (specifically) about how to raise capital. It IS about how to create a great company which is all part of the journey. No punches are pulled.

1. Make Meaning. Change people’s lives. Apparently it’s not all about money. Meaning makes money.
2. Make a mantra. Have a mission statement that people understand, not one that Dilbert would create.
3. Get into action. An average plan acted on outperforms a great plan on the shelf. Don’t put up with incremental improvements. Jump the curve. Don’t try to appeal to everyone. Polarise. Find people to help on your journey.
4. Define your business model. Be specific about where dollars come from. Keep it simple.
5. Know your milestones. Know your assumptions. Know your tasks.
6. Get niched.
7. 10/20/30. 10 slides in your pitch. 20 minutes. 30 point font. Keep it simple. Don’t read your slides. These stop Guy getting ringing in his ears from BS presentations.
8. Hire infected people. They must love your product. Ignore the other stuff. Hire people better than you.
9. Lower barriers to adoption. Make it easy to do business with you. Flatten the learning curve. Don’t ask customers to do more than you would do. Embrace the evangelists.
10. Take the money. If the wrong people buy your product, let them. Allow a test drive. Find influencers, even if this is the soccer mums.
11. Don’t let the bozos grind you down. Especially the smart ones because you might believe them.

Enjoy the video and let it inspire you to create an incredible business.

If you enjoyed this, check out his VC Aptitude Test for a slightly tongue in cheek look at what makes you successful in business.

And more wisdom here

{ 0 comments }

From ” Ready, Fire, Aim. $0 to $100 million in no time flat”.

Summary : Part One of Four+

Michael Masterton is a serial entrepreuner and advisor to many business owners.

His philosophy is one of choosing action over perfection. He breaks the life cycle of a business into 4 stages – Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood.

In Infancy, Masterton’s advice is highly practical. Focus on sales, sales and sales.

Your business is a train, sitting on the tracks. ” You want to get it going, not spend time polishing it. You should put coal in the furnace and get the boiler hot. Steam runs the pistons, polish doesn’t”.

Why it matters: This is a book for entrepreneurs. Hopefully that is you.

Here are his observations on businesses in their infancy.

* Don’t waste your time on corporate marketing.
Don’t do marketing that is based on building a brand. Do marketing that is focused on sales, getting leads, and growing a customer base.

* Don’t waste money on invisible business extras like office space, furniture, equipment and the like.

* Don’t be misled by phony business experts.
Be careful who you listen to. Have they succeeded in the field they are advising in?

* Be proud of your business acumen, but don’t be arrogant about your business ideas.
Have the confidence to back yourself, but don’t let your ego get in the way if your ideas are wrong.

* Ask for advice from smart people.
However successful you become, reach out to others for advice.

* Don’t ever believe you know more than your market.
You may know a lot about your product or service, but don’t commit yourself to a major idea until you have tested the market.

* Make sales your company’s top priority.
Don’t delegate responsibility for this role. Hire and manage well, but you need to be in the driver’s seat of this process.

* Learn everything you can about sales and marketing.
Read and listen to everything, and everyone you can. This will help you with your business, and allow you to start a 2nd and 3rd business.

* Discover your optimum selling strategy  (OSS)- the combination of media, pricing and positioning that brings you the most qualified leads.
Working out the best channel and message for your company is your main job. Once you have that, you can leverage your activities.

* Understand pricing. Learn the balance between winning orders, and making profit. All other things being equal, go for more customers and growing your client base.

* Understand Allowable Acquisition Cost (AAC).
Understand two sides of marketing – allowable acuisition cost and lifetime value. Know what you can afford to spend to win a customer.

* Make your marketing goal to bring in a number of qualified customers.

* If possible use direct mail or email to discover your optimum selling strategy.
This gives you a low cost mechanism with fast feedback.

* Don’t invest a lot in inventory until you have figured out your OSS.
There’s cheap ways to test such as selling, then making or fulfilling the orders.

Check out the book…

Three Great Ideas You Can Use:

1. Developing a sales strategy is absolutely essential to any business venture. Developing an “Optimum Selling Strategy” can be the difference between success and failure.

2. Understanding the difference between marketing and sales is also critical. Learning this and putting it to work can be the difference between success and failure. Development of the Unique Selling Proposition for our business is crucial as well.

3. Every start up business needs four personality types to make it work: a seller, an improver, an organizer and a pusher. Identifying those business types in your business will make success much more likely.

+ Still to come: Childhood, Adolescence, Adulthood.

{ 0 comments }

Ryan Allis, the author of entrepreneurship book bestseller ‘Zero to One Million’ shares how he raised $5.35 million in venture capital for iContact at age 22 and provides tips on how other entrepreneurs can raise capital. He provides tips for knowing when it’s right to raise venture capital, getting introductions to investors, negotiating a term sheet, increasing valuation by getting multiple term sheets and playing multiple firms’ offers of one another, and how to select the best venture partner.

Ryan Allis, the author of entrepreneurship book bestseller ‘Zero to One Million’ shares how he raised $5.35 million in venture capital for i…all » Ryan Allis, the author of entrepreneurship book bestseller ‘Zero to One Million’ shares how he raised $5.35 million in venture capital for iContact at age 22 and provides tips on how other entrepreneurs can raise capital. He provides tips for knowing when it’s right to raise venture capital, getting introductions to investors, negotiating a term sheet, increasing valuation by getting multiple term sheets and playing multiple firms’ offers of one another, and how to select the best venture partner.«

{ 0 comments }

Don’t rely on a strong environmental benefit, or any “green” factors to help you get investors, unless those factors help drive the market for the product.

Don’t get me wrong, I am all for being green. What I am saying is that being green is not a reason in itself to attract an investor. Nor, for that matter, is it a reason to attract customers.

Even venture capital funds that have a green philosophy still aim for target ROI, and the same criteria as other investors (management strength, market, marketing, exit strategy). In these, green is just the price of entry.

In marketing and sales, all things being equal, customers may choose a green product over a “standard” product. Hopefully, all things being slightly unequal (ie a higher price), they will also choose a green product. But reality is that as soon as the price differential grows too large between self interest and world-interest, people will choose self interest. Of course everyone has a different profile, and some will be prepared to go to extreme lengths to protect the environment, and as such may be willing to pay a higher premium.

Investors are the same – they may choose a green investment over something else, but rarely at a premium.

The exception is that if “green” is the reason for driving consumers, and is part of the overall competitive advantage of the company and its offering, then this will have a positive benefit. Keep in mind that in this case, it is a strength not because of the investors concern for the environment, but because of how they see that influencing the market.

So, in creating your pitch for investors, remember their driving motives. And, if your customers are driven by environmental concerns, and this helps the investor get what he wants, then it is an appropriate strategy. Keep in mind that a decision to invest is driven by commercial aims, not environmental concerns.

(Coming soon – blogs on businesses which are in essence propped up by or dependent upon government subsidies for environmental and economic stimulus. Eg the recently (Feb 2010) cancelled insulation scheme, and the impact this types of artificial demand can have).

{ 0 comments }

Video Presentation by Seth Godin (Author Meatball Sundae, The Idea Virus, All Marketers are Liars, Purple Cow, The Dip, Permission Marketing and others…)

This is a great presentation by Seth Godin to Google executives on what makes companies great.

The most relevant point for me is that it is not the technology itself which makes a company succesful (much like a VHS v Beta choice, Yahoo for example built a better auction engine that eBay, but noone uses it).

It’s all about how you connect with your market, and why the blue box from Tiffany’s IS the product.

It’s the distinction between being the best at what you do, and being the best at marketing what you do.

More from Seth Godin here.

Why this is important: markets are cluttered, people are busy. The success or failure of your business, and therefore how interesting it is for an investor comes down to several factors, but marketing is key.

{ 0 comments }

Many business owners are satisfied with making a good living, and creating a profitable business. And while many businesses are profitable, this is not really the stuff which will excite an investor.

Donald Trump once said, “if you’re going to think, you might as well think Big”, and it is big thinking that will create a vision grand enough that others will want to join you (staff and management for example). Running a successful and growing company is an exercise in leadership. Part of leadership is having and sharing an exciting vision.

Michael Schrage argues that those willing to invest in and test new ideas based on their hunches will often find their noses bloodied yet this is a risk which is necessary in order to create something which is truly massive. The Economist descibed that from 20 investments:
- 4 would go broke
- 6 would lose money
- 6 would do OK
- 3 would do well
- 1 would hit the jackpot.

So, one in 20 is brilliant, four in twenty do well (or better) and a full 50% go broke or lose money.

If you have run a business, you know that it can be hard work. If you are going to wear yourself out, you need to have a great reason for doing it. As a business owner your reasons might vary from noble, to mercenary, to altruistic. For an investor, it is far easier. It is about the money. If it doesn’t have a huge upside potential, why bother? *

Investors look for – and buy into this leadership and vision as well… for a couple of reasons.

The first reason is that the intended outcome needs to be substantial in order to be worth playing for. Almost no investor wants to play in the shallow end of the swimming pool and watch a million dollars turn into 1.5 million dollars over a few years (or see it shrink). If the predicted outcome was this minimal, then there are plenty of other investments that are more reliable – property for example which will give nice steady returns. There has to be the potential for the company to grow by a factor of ten or a hundred times in order to turn the seed capital into a massive return. This is not to say this will always happen… but the potential has to be there. It is estimated only around 3-5% of all businesses have the potential to achieve the type of growth that will attract a VC.

Venture capitalists expect some failures. In fact, they generally have a higher tolerance for failure than most (The very word “venture” implies some sort of adventure and rocky ride.). This is because they are looking for the big wins to make it all worthwhile. So if you expect to attract this kind of money, show off the potential. Guy Kawasaki makes the distinction between a business that is viable (and that there are many businesses which are viable) and those that are fundable (and very few viable businesses are fundable). Being attractive to fund is about scalability and vision. (Check out his videos also on this site).

The second part is about leadership. Investors are buying into a business idea, but they are also buying into a person, or a few key people who will make this vision a reality. Are you this person? And if so, how can you show an investor you have what it takes? Obviously having some runs on the board already will count – if you have previously built a business, grown a company, or lead a large team. If not, you need to show that you see how important this is, and what your tactics will be – maybe it is to hire a strong GM for example. There is no ‘right way’ – but you need to recognise that you need a plan. Just as an aside, quite often the skills needed to lead and the skills needed to manage, and the skills needed to oversee operations are different. Noone is expecting you to fill all these roles, but it is important to map out how you will deal with thesm. There’s many cases of business owners that are brilliant at inspiring, but know they are not the right person to get involved in day to day operations and therefore they make delegation a priority. Richard Branson springs to mind.

So, when you are writing your business plan, make sure you are conveying the potential of tapping into something significant and understand that your leadership will be as important – if not more important – than your business skills.

“The tragedy is not that we set our goals too high and fail, but that we set them too low and reach them”.

Here are some things that an investor will look at to decide if your goal (and potential) is big enough.

1. Market size
2. Growth rate
3. Market maturity
4. Fragmentation within market
5. Barriers to entry
6. Cost structure (% GP of sales)
7. Changes within market – dynamics of major players
8. Impact of product or service on people’s lives.
9. Nature of purchase (one time v ongoing)
10. Barriers to entry
11. Potential exit strategies
12. Strength of the leadership and management team.
13. Return
14. Differentiation of product or service.

* You may find investors that get involved for reasons other than monetary gain, but these are likely to be other categories of investors – not VCs.

{ 0 comments }